Participants

Seminar on

The New Public Law in a Global (Dis)Order

A Perspective from Italy

New York University School of Law, New York, September 19-20, 2010

 

PARTICIPANTS

Gianluigi Albano is Head of Research and Development at the Italian Public Procurement Agency, Consip S.p.A. Dr Albano is in charge of the supervision of the economic assessment of procurement strategies undertaken by Consip within the Italian Rationalization Program of Public Spending on Goods and Services and of the Agency’s main international projects. He obtained his Ph.D. in Economics from the Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium) and a B.A. (Hons) from the “Università Bocconi” (Milan-Italy). Dr Albano has been lecturing auction theory and game theory at the Department of Economics of University College London from 1999 until 2005, where he also conducted research on collusion in auctions and on contract theory. His research papers are published in international peer-reviewed journals such as Economic Theory, the International Economic Review, the Review of Economic Design, Economics Letters and the BE Journal of Theoretical Economics. More recent research comprises the economic analysis of public procurement law, procurement contract design and sustainable procurement. Some of his most recent writings can be downloaded from http://www.consip.it/on-line/Home/Ricercaesviluppo.html. Dr Albano serves as Associate Editor of the Journal of Public Procurement and is an expert on public procurement for the European Commission and SIGMA (joint venture between OECD and the European Union).

Mattia Anesa is a M.Sc Candidate in International Environmental Studies with a concentration in Governance at the Norwegian Univerisity of Life Science – Department of International Environment and Development Studies, (NORAGRIC). He is currently interning at the UN Global Compact for the Anti-Corruption unit and his research interest lie in transnational governance, specifically in the role of international institutions and voluntary/non-legalistic initiatives in shaping business practices. In particular, he is completing a research on the effectiveness of the UN Global Compact in enabling stakeholders’ participation in managerial decisions regarding Corporate Citizenship. For this research he received in 2009 a scholarship from the Freedom of Expression Foundation of Oslo (Fritt Ord). He also holds a Bachelor of Commerce in Foreign Trade with a consistent component of Corporate Law from Università degli Studi di Bergamo.

Miriam Aziz studied law at Manchester University (1989-1992). She then became a member of the Inner Temple and was called to the Bar of England & Wales in 1994 after which she completed a PhD on the Regulation of Human Experimentation in the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States at the Faculty of Law of the University of Edinburgh (1993-1997). She was a research assistant at the Faculty of Law of the Free University of Berlin from May 1995 until January 1996. She returned to Berlin in October 1997 after having completed her PhD and was based at the Department for Political and Social Sciences of the Free University of Berlin (at the Chair for Public Law and Politics at the Otto Suhr Institut) for three years where she conducted research on European Union and German Citizenship and Comparative Constitutional Law and Theory and also taught courses in both English and German on the Law of the European Union. She acted as chief co-ordinator for Professor U.K. Preuss for the Framework 5 project, ‘European Citizenship and the Social and Political Integration of the European Union’ (EURCIT) funded by the European Commission. She also worked as a legal consultant for a number of law firms in Berlin during this time. Her last engagement as a consultant for Coudert Schurmann’s Berlin office in cases on European Community (EC) law and German law which have included some cases on EC citizenship and EC and German commercial law. She was awarded a Jean Monnet Fellowship (2000-2001) from the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS) at the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence and a Marie Curie Fellowship (2001-2003) from the European Commission to conduct research on the impact of EC law on the national legal orders and cultures of the member states which she documented in The Impact of European Rights on National Legal Cultures (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004). She has published mainly in the areas of European Community law, German law and Medical law, concentrating primarily on constitutional issues in, among others, the European Law Journal, the Columbia Journal of European Law, European Public Law, the Medical Law Review, Medical Law International and Santé Publique. Between 2005 and 2009, she was an associate Professor in Public and Administrative Law at the Law Department of the University of Siena, Italy. During this time, she also taught courses on European Union Law at Cornell Law School and at Saint Louis University Law School. Miriam Aziz is also an accomplished musician and composer and is currently working on a research project on global law and the arts, which the focus of her Emile Noël fellowship at the Jean Monnet Center at New York University Law School (2009-2010). She is currently developing this project further at Columbia Law School during 2010/2011 where she will be a Visiting Scholar.

Stefano Battini is Full Professor of Administrative Law at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of La Tuscia, Italy. He is member of the European Group of Public Law and a fellow of the Istituto per le ricerche sulle pubbliche amministrazioni (Irpa). He has been visiting professor at SciencesPo, Paris. His publications include monographs (Il rapporto di lavoro con le pubbliche amministrazioni, Padova, Cedam, 2000; Amministrazioni senza Stato. Profili di diritto amministrativo internazionale, Milano, Giuffré, 2003; Amministrazioni nazionali e controversie globali, Milano Giuffré, 2007) as well as many essays and volumes, such as, among the most recent and representative: Extraterritoriality: an Unexceptional Exception, in G. Anthony, J. B. Auby, J. Morison, T. Zwart (edited by) Values in Global Administrative Law, Hart Publishing (to be published in January 2011); Political Fragmentation and Administrative Integration: the Role of the International Civil Service, in International Administrative Tribunals in a Changing World, London, Esperia, 2009; Le due anime del diritto amministrativo globale, in Il diritto amministrativo oltre i confini, Milano, Giuffré, 2008; The Globalization of Public Law, in European Review of Public Law, vol. 18, no 1, spring 2006; International Organizations and Private Subjects: A Move toward a Global Administrative Law?, IILJ Working Paper 2005/3, New York University School of Law.

Eyal Benvenisti is Anny and Paul Yanowicz Professor of Human Rights, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law.  Previously director of the Cegla Center for Interdisciplinary Research at Tel Aviv University and Hersch Lauterpacht Professor of International Law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Law, and Director of the Minerva Center for Human Rights. A former law clerk to Justice M. Ben-Porat of the Supreme Court of Israel, Benvenisti received his legal training at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Yale Law School. He has been a visiting professor at leading law schools in the United States, and a visiting fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, Germany. He has written or edited eight books, and published several articles in prominent journals.

Nehal Bhuta is is a Core Faculty member and Assistant Professor of International Affairs at the New School GPIA. He has previously worked with Human Rights Watch and the International Center for Transitional Justice, and at the Federal Court of Australia. His research interests are in international law, political theory, human rights law and the laws of war. Between 2007 and 2009, he was Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Toronto. He has been the recipient of numerous prizes and awards, including a Fulbright Scholarship, a Hauser Global Scholarship, a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Research Grant, and the Regione Toscana Premio Giorgio La Pira. For a list of publications and some full text, see personal web page.

Lorenzo Casini is Associate Professor at the University of Rome “Sapienza”, where he teaches Town and Country Planning Law and Cultural Property Law at the “L. Quaroni” Faculty of Architecture since 2002. After graduating in Law cum laude in 1999, he obtained a Ph.D. in European and Comparative Administrative Law from the University of Rome “La Sapienza” in 2004. From 2008-2009 he was a Research Fellow at NYU Institute for International Law and Justice (IILJ) for the Global Administrative Project. He is currently serving as a law clerk to Justice Professor Sabino Cassese at the Italian Constitutional Court. He has written articles on cultural property, urban planning law, and comparative and global administrative law. His publications include three books: on Town and Country Planning (L’equilibrio degli interessi nel governo del territorio, Giuffrè, 2005) on Global Sports Law (Il diritto globale dello sport, 2010) and on the Globalization of Cultural Properties (editor, La Globalizzazione dei beni culturali, il Mulino, 2010). He is co-editor of Global Administrative Law: Cases, Materials, Issues (2nd edition, 2008) and special editor (with Laurence Boisson de Chazournes and Benedict Kingsbury) of the Symposium on “Global Administrative Law in the Operations of International Organizations”, 6:2 International Organizations Law Review (2009).

Sabino Cassese is Judge of the Italian Constitutional Court. Graduated summa cum laude in law in 1956, from the University of Pisa, since 1961 he has served as professor of administrative law at the Universities of Urbino, Naples and Rome. He has been a member of many governmental committees and, in 1993-94, he was a member of the Italian Government. He currently teaches History and Theory of the State at the “Scuola Normale Superiore”, in Pisa and Global Regulation at the Master of Public Affairs at Sciences Po, Paris. He taught administrative law at the Faculty of Law of University of Rome “La Sapienza” from 1985 to 2005. He has received a doctor honoris causa degree from seven Universities: Aix-en-Provence, Cordoba, Paris II, Castilla-La Mancha, Athens, Macerata, and European University Institute. He was president of the European Group of Public Administration (International Institute of Administrative Sciences) from 1987 to 1991; professor at the NYU Hauser Global Law School (2004). In 2006 he founded the Institute for Research on Public Administration (IRPA). His most recent works include: Il mondo nuovo del diritto (2008, Laterza) I tribunali di Babele (2009, Donzelli) and Il diritto globale. (2009, Einaudi).

Roberto Cavallo Perin is Full Professor of Administrative Law at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Turin (Italy) lawyer at the Bar of Turin and has been Deputy Director of the University of Turin. He has been leading several research projects mainly regarding public services, local authorities, public procurement law and civil servants’ ethics. His recent authored books include Al servizio della Nazione. Etica e statuto dei funzionari pubblici (Franco Angeli, 2009); Commentario breve al testo unico sulle autonomie locali (Cedam, 2006). He has presented conference papers in several conferences and has taught university modules on public contracts law, public service, judicial review and local authorities’ autonomy in several Universities across Italy. His research interests lie in the area of public and administrative law, public procurement, concession, public utilities, healthcare systems, public service, judicial review, ethics of civil servants, local authorities. Among his most recent publications are, with D. Casalini, Control lover In-house Providing Organizations, (Public Procurement Law Review, 5/2009, 227-240) Water Property Models as Sovereignty Prerogatives: European Legal Perspectives in Comparison, (Water, 2/2010, 429-438) and Organisation v Market in Purchasing Arrangements among Public Entities: the European Perspective, (IPPC4, Seoul, August, 28th, 2010). He’s Deputy General Editor of the leading Italian review on administrative law Diritto amministrativo (published by Giuffrè) member of the Editorial board of Diritto processuale amministrativo. On April 26th, 2010 in Madrid, he founded with Alberto Romano the Ius Publicum Network by the Editorial Boards of Die Verwaltung, Diritto amministrativo, International Journal of Constitutional Law, Public Law, Revista de Administración Pública and Revue française de droit administratif, whose aim is to follow the evolution of public law in each country involved, pointing out its influences on the development of an administrative and public European law and its connections with other legal cultures (www.jus-publicum.com). He has nearly 20 years experience of advising on public procurement law and between 2001 and 2006 he has been Member of the Committee for the High Surveillance and Guarantee for the Winter Olympic Games of Turin. He’s member of the Italian Association of Administrative Law Professors, of the Italian Association of Administrative Procedure Law Professors, of the Italian Association of City Planning Law.

Cristina Chiomenti graduated in Law, University of Rome, La Sapienza, 2000; admitted to the Bar, Italy, 2004; LL.M., New York University School of Law (USA) (Grotius Scholar) 2005. Member of the Rome Bar (Italy). Cristina Chiomenti joined the law firm Chiomenti in 2001. She works in the Corporate and M&A department. She was Foreign Associate at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, LLP in New York in 2005-2006.

Edoardo Chiti (Ph.D., European University Institute) is Associate Professor of European Union Law at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of La Tuscia, Italy. He is member of the European Group of Public Law and of the Istituto per le ricerche sulle pubbliche amministrazioni (Irpa). His representative publications include the monographs Le agenzie europee. Unità e decentramento nelle amministrazioni comunitarie, Padova, Cedam, 2002; L’integrazione amministrativa europea, with C. Franchini, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003; and L’amministrazione militare, Milano, Giuffrè, 2007; the essays The European Security and Defense Administration Within the Context of the Global Legal Space, New York University School of Law, Jean Monnet Working Paper 7/2007; and An important part of the EU’s institutional machinery. Features, Problems and Perspectives of European Agencies, in Common Market Law Review, 2009, p. 1395 ff.; and the volumes La scienza del diritto amministrativo nella seconda metà del XX secolo, edited together with L. Torchia, A. Sandulli and R. Perez, Napoli, Editoriale Scientifica, 2008; and Il regime linguistico dei sistemi comuni europei. Multilinguismo e monolinguismo nell’Unione europea, edited together with R. Gualdo, Milano, Giuffrè, 2008.

Sarah Dadush is an IILJ Fellow administering the Institute’s Financing Development program, led by Professor Kevin Davis. Her research focuses on the regulation of privately generated (concessional) capital flows to developing countries, in particular through social investment and programs that blend social and financial interests. Her recent publications include “Profiting in (Red): The Need for Enhanced Transparency in Cause-Related Marketing” and “The Privatization of Development Assistance: An Overview” (with Davis) (both forthcoming in the NYU Journal of International Law and Politics) and “Getting Climate-Related Conditionality Right” in Climate Finance: Regulatory and Funding Strategies for Climate Change and Global Development, Edited by Richard B. Stewart, Benedict Kingsbury and Bryce Rudyk, (New York University Press, 2009) (with Davis).??Prior to joining the IILJ, she was an associate at the global law firm Allen & Overy for three and a half years in the banking and litigation groups, where she had the opportunity to work on project financings and investor-state arbitration. She obtained her JD and LL.M. degrees in 2004 from Duke Law School. While at Duke, she chaired the International Law Society and founded the Law School’s first International Development Fellowship, which has funded student internships and research projects in developing countries.

Elisa D’Alterio is a Ph.D. Candidate in “Universalization of Legal Systems: History and Theory” at the University of Rome “La Sapienza” – “Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane”. She is also a member of the Teaching Board at the Master in Administrative Law and Administrative Sciences (DASA) University of “Roma Tre”. She has been a contract professor of Administrative Law (advanced course) at the Faculty of Political Sciences – University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”. Her most relevant publications are: La costruzione giurisprudenziale dell’ordine giuridico globale (in Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico, 2007); L’esternalizzazione delle funzioni di ordine: il caso delle carceri (in Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico, 2008); Il costo dei tributiLa gestione delle attività tributarie locali (in Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico, 2010).

Maurizia De Bellis is tenured Assistant Professor in Administrative Law at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. She also teaches Administrative Sciences at the University of Rome “La Sapienza”. After graduating in Law cum laude (2002) at the University of Pisa, she received a Diploma in Law Studies (2003) from the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa and went on to obtain a Ph.D. in Law and Economics (2007) in University of Rome “La Sapienza”.  In 2005 she has been Jemolo Fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford University, and from 2006 to 2008 she has been research fellow at the University of Siena. In 2008, she obtained the Academy of European Public Law Diploma from the European Public Law Organization (EPLO). From 2005 to 2008, she participated in a European research group on “The evolution of a polycentric administrative space”, within the Connex Network, Mannheim (Germany). In 2009-2010 she has been Global Research Fellow at New York University School of Law, participating in a project on climate finance. She is a Fellow of the Institute for Research on Public Administration (IRPA). She has written essays and articles on energy and financial regulation, globalization and WTO law. She’s currently working on a book about global financial standards, near completion.

Meera de Mel is Assistant Dean for Student Affairs and Global Programs at NYU. She joined the Law School as the Director of Global Initiatives for the Hauser Global Law School Program in August 2008.  In that role, she laid the groundwork for partnerships between NYU and law schools in the developing world and fostered collaboration with a network of top schools in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.  As one of her first projects, Meera organized a major conference on “Climate Change – Financing Green Development,” which took place last May in Abu Dhabi. She also chaired the global working group, and advanced a number of innovative ideas for how to improve global legal education. ??She received her J.D. cum laude in 2005 from NYU School of Law, where she was an editor of the Law Review and a member of the Institute for International Law and Justice Scholars’ Program. She also participated on the award-winning Sidley-Austin IIEL WTO Moot team and was part of the first NYU team to compete in the Willem C. Vis International Arbitration Moot. After law school, she served as Senior Policy Adviser at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, and as a Legal Adviser at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad and in the Office of the Legal Adviser at the U.S. Department of State. She was recently elected a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations.?

Megan Donaldson holds an LL.M. in Legal Theory from New York University Law School (2010) and an LL.B. and B.A. (History) (2006) from the University of Melbourne.  Prior to commencing the LL.M. she worked in competition litigation and as an associate to Justice Hayne of the High Court of Australia. During her LL.B. studies she served as a member, assistant editor and ultimately co-editor of the Melbourne Journal of International Law.  She undertook research projects in international and comparative constitutional law, and served as editorial assistant for the Public Law Review, and for Anne Orford (ed) International Law and Its Others. Her work at the IILJ relates to global administrative law, including publicness and transparency in global governance.  She works on the IILJ’s Global Administrative Law Network projects, pursuant to a grant to the IILJ from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.  In addition, she coordinates the IILJ Scholars Conference and provides mentoring to these and other students focused on international law.

Emma Dunlop is a NYU Hugo Grotius Scholar at NYU, where she will pursue an LL.M. International Legal Studies.a law graduate of the University of Sydney (Australia) where she obtained an LL.B with First Class Honors in 2009 (receiving the Nancy Gordon Smith Memorial Prize, awarded to the top five students in each graduating class). She received the Bachelor of Arts in 2006 with First Class Honors and the University Medal. During her studies Emma was a coordinating editor of the Australian International Law Journal, and a student editor of the Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law. She worked as a research assistant to four law professors and volunteered at the Immigration Advice and Rights Centre. In 2008 Emma was a member of the University of Sydney’s championship team in the Sir Harry Gibbs National Moot Competition, receiving prizes for best oralist in the General Rounds and Grand Final.  In 2009 she undertook an internship at the International Law Department of the Australian Permanent Mission to the United Nations, and received a grant from the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law to work as a Trial Chamber intern within the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. She commenced work in the International Arbitration Team of the Australian firm Mallesons Stephen Jaques in 2010.

Federico Fabbrini is currently a PhD candidate at the Law Department of the European University Institute and a visiting researcher at the Law Center of Georgetown University (USA). He holds an undergraduate degree summa cum laude in “European and Transnational Law” from the University of Trento (Italy) (2006) a JD summa cum laude in “International Law” from the University of Bologna (Italy) (2008) and a LLM in “Comparative, European and Transnational Law” from the European University Institute (2009). He was a fellow of the Collegio Superiore Alma Mater Studiorum in Bologna (Italy) (2006-2008) a visiting fellow of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris (France) (2007) and a visiting student at the University of California at Berkeley (USA) (2005). He has interned as a clerk for Justice Sabino Cassese at the Italian Constitutional Court (2009-2010). His latest publications include: “The Role of the Judiciary in Times of Emergency: Judicial Review of Counter-Terrorism Measures in the United States Supreme Court and the European Court of Justice”, 28 Yearbook of European Law (2009) 664-697; “‘Resonableness’ as a Test for Judicial Review of Legislation in the French Constitutional Council”, 4 Journal of Comparative Law 1 (2009) 39-68; “Il procedimento di nomina dei giudici della Corte Suprema USA in prospettiva comparata”, 10 Diritto pubblico comparato ed europeo 1 (2010) 281-307.

Franco Ferrari is chaired professor of international law at Verona University School of Law. Previously, he was chaired professor of comparative law at Tilburg University in the Netherlands and Bologna University in Italy. After serving as member of the Italian Delegation to various sessions of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) from 1995 to 2000, he served as Legal Officer at the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, International Trade Law Branch (2000-2002) with responsibility for numerous projects, including the preparation of the UNCITRAL Digest on Applications of the UN Sales Convention (204 edition). Professor Ferrari has published more than 190 law review articles in various languages and 12 books in the areas of international commercial law, conflict of laws, comparative law and international commercial arbitration. Professor Ferrari is a member of the editorial board of various peer reviewed European law journals (Internationales Handelsrecht, European Review of Private Law, Contratto e impresa, Contratto e impresa/Europa, Revue de droit des affaires internationales); Professor Ferrari also acts as an international arbitrator.

Angelina Fisher is the Program Director for the NYU Institute for International Law and Justice (IILJ). She received her LL.M. in International Legal Studies from New York University School of Law in 2004 and her LL.B. from Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, Canada in 2000. Prior to joining the IILJ, Angelina was a Helton Fellow at Human Rights First, focusing on U.S. and international law related to counterterrorism operations and national security policy and practice. In 2004-2005, Angelina was a Research Scholar at the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice (CHRGJ) at New York University School of Law, where she was one of the primary researchers and authors of the reports, Torture by Proxy: International and Domestic Law Applicable to “Extraordinary Renditions,” issued jointly by the Association of the Bar of the City of New York CHRGJ, and Beyond Guantanamo: Transfers to Torture One Year After Rasul v. Bush, issued by the CHRGJ. Angelina is also a co-author of Tortured Logic Renditions to Justice, Extraordinary Rendition, and Human Rights Law.  Before embarking on her human rights career, Angelina was an attorney at the New York law firm Shearman & Sterling, LLP.

Daniele Gallo graduated in law (magna cum laude and honourable mention/2003) and completed a Ph.D. (monograph recommended/2008) in International and EU law (Sapienza University/Rome). European Union Fulbright Scholar at Fordham Law School (New York/February- December 2010) and Post-Doc Fellow (on leave) at the Law Faculty of Luiss University (Rome/2010-2013). Previously, DAAD Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Public International Law and Comparative Law (Heidelberg/December 2009-January 2010) Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute (Florence/September 2008-August 2009) Lecturer in numerous Master’s Programs (2009/EUI, 2007-2008/Sapienza, 2006/Luiss, etc.) and Adjunct Professor of International Economic Law at Luiss University (Rome/January-June 2009). Extensive writing on EU and International Public and Economic Law. Completed a book: Stato e Mercato nell’ordinamento dell’Unione europea: i servizi di interesse economico generale, Milano, Giuffrè, Book Series “Contratti e Commercio Internazionale”, 2010, VII-790, forthcoming. Member of the Rome Bar, pleaded before the European Court of Human Rights, the UNIDROIT Tribunal and the ILO Tribunal.

Francesco Goisis graduated summa cum laude from the State University of Milan in 1998, frequented a post graduated Law course in 1999 at the State University of Milan and obtained a Doctorate in Administrative Law from the same university in 2002, where, in December 2002, was appointed as tenured researcher and, in  2008, as associate professor of Administrative Law and he currently teaches Environmental Law at the Faculty of Law. In 2001 he was visiting academic at the Law Faculty of the University of Cardiff (UK) in 2008 at the Law Faculty of the University of Cambridge (UK) and in 2010 at the University of Nottingham (UK) – Centre for Public Procurements. He is the author and co-author of several publications on Public, European, Environmental and Administrative laws.  He has specially analyzed the topics of public enterprises, sports law and public procurements.

Matthias Goldmann is currently a NYU Hans Kelsen Scholar. He studied law at the Universities of Würzburg and Fribourg, specializing in European and international law. He received a scholarship from the prestigious German National Academic Foundation. In 2004, he passed the First State Exam in law as second in his class. He was awarded the “Europe Price” by the Würzburg Law School Alumni for being first in his class in the faculty’s European Law program. In 2004, he interned at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, receiving a Carlo Schmid Scholarship by the German Academic Exchange Service. In 2010 he received his Second State Exam in Law following a two years clerkship. Since 2004, he has been a research fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, working under the supervision of Professor Armin von Bogdandy. He has lectured and published extensively on the law and practice of international institutions, in particular on what he calls their “governance by information”. Others publications of his relate to international criminal law as well as general international and domestic public law.

Robert Howse is the Lloyd C. Nelson Professor of International Law at NYU School of Law. Professor Howse received his B.A. in philosophy and political science with high distinction, as well as an LL.B., with honours, from the University of Toronto, where he was co-editor in chief of the Faculty of Law Review. He also holds an LL.M. from the Harvard Law School. He has been a visiting professor at Harvard Law School, Tel Aviv University, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Paris 1 (Pantheon-Sorbonne) Tsinghua University, and Osgoode Hall Law School in Canada and taught in the Academy of European Law, European University Institute, Florence. Since 2000, Professor Howse has been a member of the faculty of the World Trade Institute, Berne, Master’s in International Law and Economics Programme. He is a frequent consultant or adviser to government agencies and international organizations such as the OECD, the World Bank, UNCTAD, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Law Commission of Canada and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. He is a contributor to the American Law Institute project on WTO Law. He has acted as a consultant to the investor’s counsel in several NAFTA investor-state arbitrations. He is a core team member of the Renewable Energy and International Law (REIL) project, a private/public partnership that includes, among others, Yale University, the law firm of Baker & McKenzie and the investment bank Climate Change Capital. Howse serves on the editorial advisory boards of the European Journal of International Law and Legal Issues in Economic Integration. He is sub-series editor for the Oxford University Press Commentaries on the WTO treaties. Howse is the author, co-author, or co-editor of six books, including Trade and Transitions; Economic Union, Social Justice, and Constitutional Reform; The Regulation of International Trade; Yugoslavia the Former and Future; The World Trading System; and The Federal Vision: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the EU and the U.S. He is also the co-translator of Alexander Kojève’s Outline for a Phenomenology of Right and the principal author of the interpretative commentary in that volume.

Marta Infantino, J.D. (University of Trieste, Italy, 2003) PhD (University of Palermo, Italy, 2008) LL.M. Candidate (NYU, 2011) has been visiting student at the European Institute of Tort Law, Vienna, Austria (2010) at the University of Paris I (2007) and at the University of Macao, S.A.R. of the P.R. of China (2006, 2007). She has published articles on comparative contract law, comparative tort law, legal harmonization, and co-authored, together with Prof. Mauro Bussani (University of Trieste, Italy) two books on European contract law (2010) and invoice finance in Italy (2006). She is currently national rapporteur for Italy in the ‘Common Core of European Private Law’ project group on “Immaterial Damages in Contract Law” directed by V.V. Palmer (Tulane University, LA).

Benedict Kingsbury is Murry and Ida Becker Professor of Law and Director (currently on leave) of the Institute for International Law and Justice at New York University School of Law. He also directs NYU Law School’s Program in the History and Theory of International Law, with Professor Rob Howse and Global Professor Martti Koskenniemi; and he co-directs the Global Administrative Law Project with Professor Richard B. Stewart. He completed his LL.B. with first class honors at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand in 1981. In 1984 he graduated at the top of his class in the M.Phil in International Relations at Oxford. He subsequently completed a D.Phil in Law at Oxford, and thereafter held a permanent teaching position in the Law Faculty at Oxford before moving to Duke University in 1993. Kingsbury has been on the permanent faculty at the NYU Law School since 1998. He served for 10 years on the Editorial Board of the American Journal of International Law. He is a member of the Scientific Committee of the Centro Internazionale di Studi Gentiliani, and of the Advisory Boards of the European Journal of International Law, the NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, the Indigenous Law Journal, the Journal of International Law and International Relations, and the New Zealand Yearbook of International Law. He served on the program committee for the American Society of International Law’s centennial meeting. Kingsbury has been a visiting professor at Harvard Law School, the University of Tokyo Law Faculty, the University of Padua, and the University of Paris-I (Pantheon-Sorbonne). Kingsbury has written on a range of specific contemporary international law topics, extending from trade-environment disputes and the United Nations to interstate arbitration and the proliferation of international tribunals.

Mattias Kumm is Professor of Law at the New York University School of Law where he has taught since 2000. He is the Director of the LL.M./J.S.D. Program in International and Comparative Law. His research and teaching focuses on basic issues in Global, European and Comparative Public Law. He was a Visiting Professor and John Harvey Gregory Lecturer on World Organization at Harvard Law School, Commerzbank Visiting Professor at Bucerius Law School and has taught and lectured at leading universities worldwide. For the next years he will also hold a part-time Research Professorship on “Globalization and the Rule of Law” at Humboldt University and the Center of Social Science Research in Berlin. Kumm holds a JSD from Harvard Law School and has pursued studies in law, philosophy and political sciences at the Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Paris I Pantheon Sorbonne and Harvard University before he joind NYU. Kumm is on the editorial board of several journals.

Florencia Delia Lebensohn is a Hugo Grotius Scholar at NYU where she is pursuing an LL.M. in International Legal Studies. She graduated from the University of Buenos Aires School of Law in 2008.  Due to her academic performance, she has been awarded the Honors Diploma, the Buenos Aires City Bar Award for outstanding academic performance (annually awarded to Buenos Aires’ best law students) and the Chancellor’s recognition for academic performance.  In 2007, she was awarded a scholarship to study at the Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, as an exchange student. In addition, Florencia was a member of the University of Buenos Aires’ team at the International Chamber of Commerce Pre-Moot in Paris and the Sixteenth Annual Willem C. Vis Arbitration Moot in Vienna and was granted the Elimination Round Participating Team Award.  Afterwards, Florencia joined the team of coaches for an International Arbitration Seminar, which prepares students for the Willem Vis Moot. ??She has also been teaching Public International Law at the University of Buenos Aires since 2006 first, as a student assistant and, upon graduation, as an assistant lecturer. Moreover, she has been an assistant professor in the Theory of the State course during 2004 and 2005.  She has been admitted to the Buenos Aires City Bar and has practiced law in one of the leading Argentine law firms for over two years in its Regulatory, Administrative and International Arbitration Department.

 

Dennis-Jonathan Mann is a doctoral researcher in the Department of Political & Social Sciences, European University Institute. He holds a Master of Research degree from the European University Institute and a Magister Artium degree from University of Bonn (Germany) in Political Science, Media Studies and Corporate Law. He also studied Political Science, Communication & Journalism and Spanish at University of New Mexico (USA) as well as Law at University of Cologne (Germany).

Yoav Meer holds an LL.B. from Tel Aviv University (Israel). During his studies he participated in the Annual Moot Court and edited the Tel Aviv Law Review. In 2010, Yoav was a Visiting Fellow at the Sydney Centre for International Law, University of Sydney (Australia). In NYU, he is pursuing an LL.M. in international legal studies, with an emphasis on global administrative law.

Elena Mitzman is a PhD candidate in Comparative and European Legal Studies at the University of Trento, Italy. She has studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Her field of interest is administrative law, in particular the administrative law of global institutions and the influence of European law on administrative justice systems.

Federico Mucciarelli is tenured associate professor of business law at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy) where he teaches general business law and advanced company law. After graduating in law at the University of Bologna (1996) he obtained a LL.M. from the University of Heidelberg (2001) and a doctorate in business law at the University of Brescia (2003). After his doctorate he was appointed as research fellow (2003 – 2005) and then as assistant professor of business law (2005 – 2007) at the economics faculty of the University of Bologna (Italy). During his academic career, he spent several research periods in European universities. He lectured and held presentations in several Universities, such as Bologna, Trento, Tirana and Oxford. Beside his academic activities, Mucciarelli have had several job experiences: he worked at the Italian Central Bank (Banca d’Italia: 2000 – 2001) was legal advisor for the Lower House of the Italian Parliament (Camera dei Deputati: 2003 – 2005) and then he has been active as consultant for the Rome office of the law firm Shearman & Sterling. He has written two books: the first one, on defensive measures against hostile takeover, was published in 2004, and the second one, on international mobility of corporation, is forthcoming in 2010. He is currently a NYU Global Hauser Research Fellow.

Giulio Napolitano is professor of Public law at the University of “Roma Tre”.  He is a graduate of “Roma La Sapienza” Law School. He earned his Ph.D in Contract Law at “Scuola superiore Sant’Anna” in Pisa. He served as assistant professor at Roma La Sapienza  University and as associate professor at “La Tuscia” University, before becoming full professor in 2003. Since 2006 he teaches Public Law and Economic Analysis of  Law at the University of “Roma Tre”, where he moved as full-time faculty in 2008. He studied at the Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht of Heidelberg (2001-2007) and at the New York University, School of Law (2008). Currently, he is member of the Board of editors of the European Public Law Review and of the Comparative administrative law network promoted by the Yale Law School. He has published extensively in the fields of theoretical foundations of administrative law, comparative administrative law, regulation and antitrust, economic analysis of law, sport’s law. His books include Servizi pubblici e rapporti di utenza (2001) Pubblico e privato nel diritto amministrativo (2003) Regole e mercato nei servizi pubblici (2005) “Diritto amministrativo comparato” (ed., 2007) Analisi economica del diritto pubblico (with M. Abrescia, 2009). Other English language publications are Towards a European Legal Order for Services of General Economic Interest (2005) and The Role of the State in (and after) the Financial Crisis (2010).

Pasquale Pasquino is currently a Global Distinguished Professor of Politics. Dr. Pasquino is also currently a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Centre de Théorie du Droit, Paris (CNRS). He obtained a Ph.D. in Philosophy and Classics from the University of Naples and a Ph.D. in Political Science from Paris I – Sorbonne. Pasquino has been working in different research and teaching institutions, notably the Collège de France; Ecole Normale Supérieure; Université de Paris I, Sorbonne; Institut d’Etudes Politiques, Paris; Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen; Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; King’s College, Cambridge; The University of Chicago; Universities of Turin and Rome I, Italy. Since 1995, he has been a Visiting Professor at NYU in the Politics Department and in the Global Law School Program. Pasquino published three books, including Sieyes et l’invention du constitutionalisme en France (Editions Odile Jacob, Paris, 1998) and eighty articles on constitutional and political theory and history in European countries. Under the government of Prime Minister Giuliano Amato, Dr. Pasquino worked on constitutional reforms in Italy. He has also coordinated the law and politics activities of the Adriano Olivetti Foundation (Rome) for six years.

Rita Perez is Professor of Public Law and Director of the Ph.D. programme in Administrative Law, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”. She has been member of many ministerial committees and of the governing body of the “Court of Auditors” from 1990 to 1994. Has been a visiting scholar at the Universities of California, Berkeley (1965) and Stanford (1970, 1975, 1981) at the London School of Economics (1974) at the Nuffield College and at Lady Margareth Hall, Oxford (1989, 1997, 1999).

Nicola Persico is a Professor of Economics and a Professor of Law and Society at NYU. He received his PhD in Economics from Northwestern University in 1996, and spent one year on the faculty at UCLA prior to joining Penn in 1997, and NYU in 2006. Dr. Persico has received a number of honors and fellowships, including several National Science Foundation Grants, and he was an Alfred P. Sloan research fellow from 2002-2004.  He served on the editorial board of the International Economic Review from 2001 to 2006, and is currently associate editor of Econometrica, of The American Economic Review, and of the Journal of the European Economic Association. At NYU, Dr. Persico teaches courses in law and economics and in political economy. Dr. Persico has published in the areas of political economy, discrimination, and law and economics.

Cesare Pinelli is Professor of Public Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Rome “Sapienza”. Member of the Executive Committe of the International Association of Constitutional Law since January 2004.  Expert of the “Commission for Democracy through Law” (Venice Commission) – Council of Europe. Author of various books in Italian and  essays in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and German, among which: Judicial Protection of Human Rights in Europe and the Limits of a Judge-Made System, in Il diritto dell’Unione europea, 1997; Political Accountability and Global Markets, in European Review of Public Law, 1997; Conditionality and Enlargement in Light of EU Constitutional Developments, in European Law Journal, 2004; Federal features of the EU Constitutional Treaty Draft, in A.Griffith (ed.) Handbook of Federal Countries, 2005, Montreal, 2005; The 1948 Italian Constitution and the 2006 Referendum in European Constitutional Law Review, 2006; In Search of Coherence in EU Foreign Policy, in The International Spectator, 2007; Conditionality, in Max Planck Institute of Public International Law, 2009; The Kelsen/Schmitt controversy and the evolving relationships between constitutional and international law, in Ratio juris (forthcoming).

Gabriella M. Racca is Full Professor of administrative law and Deputy Dean at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Turin (Italy) where she teaches Public Law, Administrative Law, Environmental Law, Public Contracts Law. She is Member of the Teaching Staff of Ph.D in Public Law at the University of Turin, Member of the Scientific Board of the Master of science in Public Procurement Management for Sustainable Development jointly organized by the International Training Centre of International Labour Organization ITC – ILO and the University of Turin. She is member of the Scientific Board of the “Diritto Amministrativo” Review, she’s on the editorial staff of the “Foro amministrativo – Consiglio di Stato” review. She’s involved in Ius Publicum Network founded in Madrid, on April 26th, 2010 by the Editorial Boards of Die VerwaltungDiritto amministrativoInternational Journal of Constitutional LawPublic LawRevista de Administración Pública and Revue française de droit administratif, whose aim is to follow the evolution of public law in each country involved, pointing out its influences on the development of an administrative and public European law and its connections with other legal cultures (www.jus-publicum.com). She is one of the Italian responsible of the Public Contract topic. She is a member of the Procurement law Academic network (www.planprourement.org) and of the research international network “Public Contracts in Legal Globalization (www.contrats-publics.net) She recently published in Public Procurement Law Review (“Collaborative procurement and contract performance in the Italian healthcare sector: illustration of a common problem in European procurement”, Issue n. 3/2010, 119-) International Public Procurement Conference Proceedings (IPPC 2010, Seoul, South Korea, August 26 – 28, 2010, “Professional buying organisations, sustainability and competition in public procurement performance”) and in the European Procurement Law Series (Directed by R. Caranta and S. Treumer, “Aggregate Models of Public Procurement and Secondary Consideration: An Italian Perspective”). Her research interests include the public service notion, accountability of public administration, public contracts and public procurement, remedies, public liability and compensation for damages; public-private partnerships. Recently her research interests also focus on collaborative procurement, supply chain and central purchasing bodies as well as the use of framework agreements, public procurement in European NHSs and environmental and social considerations in public procurement.

Alejandro Rodiles is currently the Legal Adviser to the Mexican Mission to the United Nations in New York. His past assignments in the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Relations include serving as Director of International Law in the Office of the Legal Adviser, and as an Adviser for European and Legal Affairs in the Policy Planning Staff of the Minister. He studied law and philosophy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) where he obtained his law degree in 2003. He has also a certificate in German law from the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich. He has been a lecturer in UNAM’s School of law, where he taught Introduction to Public International Law and Introduction to the Law of the European Union. He has published several articles in the Mexican Yearbook of International Law on contemporary challenges to international law, including on fragmentation and on informal evolutions of public international law. He has also published a book on the European Constitution. He has participated in a research initiative on informal tendencies in international relations at the Geschwisster-Scholl-Institute for Political Science of the University of Munich. Alejandro Rodiles is currently a doctoral candidate at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he is writing a dissertation under the supervision of Prof. Georg Nolte.

 

Brice Rudyk is Research fellow at the New York University Guarini Center on Environmental and Land Use Law. NYU LLM ’08, he is working on climate change law and policy.  His research focuses on financial mechanisms and architectures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions on both the domestic and international levels and the corresponding regulatory and institutional structures. In collaboration with several faculty, research fellows, and students, Bryce helped lead preparations for the “Climate Change: Financing Green Development” conference in Abu Dhabi, May 2009 and co-edited the book that emerged from the conference and co-wrote the lead chapter. He is currently continuing to research and write on climate finance and its governance.

Andrea Sacco Ginevri graduated in Law cum laude, University of Rome L.U.I.S.S. Guido Carli 2004; admitted to the Bar, Italy, 2007; Ph.D. in corporate and financial law, RomaTre University of Rome, 2010, LL.M., Fordham Law School (USA) fall. 2010. Andrea Sacco Ginevri is professor assistant in corporate and financial law (RomaTre University of Rome); he joined the law firm Chiomenti in 2004. He works in the Corporate and M&A department. He has published several articles on corporate law issues.

Richard B. Stewart is University Professor and John Edward Sexton Professor of Law at New York University School of Law. Prior to joining the NYU School of Law faculty, Stewart had served as a Byrne Professor of Administrative Law at Harvard Law School and a member of the faculty of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard; Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Environment and Natural Resource Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and Chairman of the Environmental Defense Fund.Professor Stewart directs the school’s Center on Environmental and Land Use Law, which sponsors research, conferences, and publications on cutting-edge issues of environmental and land use law. Recently awarded an honorary doctorate from The University of Roma “La Sapienza,” Stewart assists in the United Nations’ efforts to combat global warming by developing a system for an international market in CO2 emissions reductions credits. He has also taken part in the U.N.’s formulation of principles to award damages from environmental injuries caused by Iraq during the Gulf War. A prolific author, Stewart has published ten books and more than 80 articles on environmental and administrative law, including the intersection between theory and practice in environmental law and the need to develop innovative methods for environmental protection. He has been a visiting professor at the Universities of Bologna, Chicago, and Rome, the University of California at Berkeley, the European University Institute, and Georgetown University. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Law Institute, a Director of the Health Effects Institute, and a member of the editorial boards of several European scholarly journals.

Diletta Tega is a researcher of Constitutional Law at the University of Milan – Bicocca, School of Law. She is lecturer of Public Law and Protection of Fundamental Rights, at the University of Bologna, graduate degree in International cooperation, regulation and protection of fundamental rights and etno-cultural inheritance. She received a J.S.D. in Constitutional Law from the University of Bologna, School of Law in 1998. She obtained a PhD in Constitutional Law from the University of Bologna, School of Law and the University of Paris X Nanterre in 2003. She is also Junior expert for the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). ?Her research interests fall broadly in the field of fundamental rights and the so called multilevel protection of rights. She studies in particular the ECHR and the Italian Constitutional Court jurisprudence on religious freedom and the so called new rights. She has published studies in many different fields of constitutional, comparative and European Union law.

Luisa Torchia is is Full Professor of Administrative Law, Department of law, University of Roma Tre. She teaches Administrative Law I, Administrative Law II and European Administrative Law. She has written extensively in administrative law, constitutional law, European law, comparative law, on topic such as intergovernmental relations, federalism, local government, public control on financial markets, public managerial responsibility, European integration, civil service, administrative procedure, reform of central government, welfare system, economic regulation, history of administrative law, due process. Among her most recent edited books: La scienza del diritto amministrativo nella seconda metà del XX secolo, a cura di L. Torchia, E. Chiti, R. Perez, A. Sandulli, Napoli, ES, 2008; Il sistema amministrativo italiano, a cura di L. Torchia, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009; Lezioni di diritto amministrativo progredito, a cura di L. Torchia, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2010. She is a member of the Indipendent Commission for performance evaluation, integrity and information in public administration. She is Chairman of Irpa.

Maria Tzanou is a PhD Candidate at the European University Institute (Florence, Italy) currently visiting doctoral researcher at NYU. Her doctoral thesis focuses on EU counter-terrorism measures in the area of Freedom, Security and Justice and their implications on privacy and data protection. She holds a Master degree in Comparative, European and International Law by the EUI, a Master II in ‘Specialized Public Law’ by the Universities of Athens and Bordeaux IV, and an LLM in European Law by the University of Cambridge. Her first law degree was obtained at the Law School of Athens, where she graduated with honors equivalent to Summa Cum Laude (ranked 1st in class and top student in the Law School). She has published articles in the German Law Journal and the Yearbook of European Law, and has written (as a co-author) three reports for the EU Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA). She speaks fluent Greek, English, French, German and Italian.

Ingo Venzke is currently a NYU Hauser Research Scholar. He is completing his PhD “On Words and Deeds. How the Practice of Legal Interpretation Develops International Norms” at the University of Frankfurt under the supervision of Armin von Bogdandy. His thesis builds on considerations of semantic pragmatism and it elucidates the agency of international actors in processes of communicative lawmaking. At NYU he will now focus on the power of international courts, on how their authority can be justified, and on how it may be dealt with in the interaction between different levels of governance.? ?Ingo has been a Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg and a Visiting Scholar at Tel Aviv University. He holds a LL.M. with distinction from the University of London (SOAS) and a B.A. in International Relations from the School of International Studies in Dresden.

Giulio Vesperini is full Professor of Administrative Law  at University of  “La Tuscia”, Faculty of Political Sciences, Viterbo, Italy. He has been visiting Professor at Cornell School Law (summer 1993) Washington College of Law, American University  (2001-2002); Penn Law (summer 2008). He has written books about the market securities regulation, local government and edited many other books about administrative procedure, inter alia, recently, a book on Global and European Constraints Upon National Right To Regulate (co-editor S. Battini)He has written also a number of articles concerning administrative procedures, European administrative law, public works, privatization of public enterprises, energy law, local powers regulation, public utility legislationHe directs Observatory on Independent Regulators’ Ria. In the past he has supervised and directed several researches, concerning: European public enterprises, the principles on administrative procedures, administrative reforms; the national administrative system under the EC; the national administrative system under the ECThe simplification of administrative proceduresThe E-governmentThe Global legal area.

Joseph H.H. Weiler is University Professor as well as holder of the European Union Jean Monnet Chair at New York University School of Law, Director of the Straus Institute for the Advanced Study of Law & Justice, and Co-Director of the Tikvah Center for Law & Jewish Civilization. Weiler is also Professor at the National University of Singapore; Honorary Professor at University College, London; Honorary Professor at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen; and Co-Director of the Academy of International Trade Law in Macao, China. Weiler is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts. He holds degrees from Sussex (B.A.); Cambridge (LL.B. and LL.M.); and The Hague Academy of International Law (Diploma of International Law). He earned his Ph.D. in European Law at the EUI, Florence. He is recipient of Doctorates Honoris Causa from London University, from Sussex University, from the University of Macerata, Italy and from the University of Edinburgh and is Honorary Member of the Senate of the University of Ljubljana. From 1978 to 1985, Weiler was a member of the Department of Law at the European University Institute, Florence, and co-founded its Academy of European Law in 1989. He later served as Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School (1985-1992) and as Manley Hudson Professor and Jean Monnet Chair at Harvard Law School (1992-2001). Weiler is author of articles and books in the fields of international, comparative, and European law. His publications include: Un’Europa Cristiana (Rizzoli, 2003 – translations into German, Polish, Spanish, Portuguese, Slovenian, French, Hungarian, Dutch); European Constitutionalism Beyond the State. Edited with Marlene Wind, (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003); Integration in an Expanding European Union: Reassessing the Fundamentals. Edited with Ian Begg and John Peterson, (Blackwell Publishing, 2003); Constitution of Europe – do the New Clothes have an Emperor? (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998 – translations into Spanish, Italian, German, Slovenian, Japanese, Chinese, Greek, Serbian, Portuguese, Romanian in print or in preparation); The EU, the WTO, and the NAFTA: Towards a Common Law of International Trade? (Academy of European Law, EUI, Florence/Oxford Univ. Press, 2000); The European Court of Justice. Edited with Grainne de Burca, (Oxford Univ. Press, 2001) and a novella, Der Fall Steinmann (Piper 2000).

Emily K. White is a Research Fellow and the Coordinator of the Total Law™ Team at the Jean Monnet Center for International and Regional Economic Law and Justice at New York University, where she previously graduated with an LL.M. in International Legal Studies. At NYU, Emily received the Jerome Lipper Prize for distinction in the International Legal Studies Program.  Emily is also presently the Associate Editor of the European Journal of International Law. Prior to obtaining her LL.M., Emily was a litigation associate at a large full-service Toronto firm.